Kugenzura Uruganda Urutonde: 10 Ugomba-Gusura Imbuga Kubaguzi b'Imbwa

Gukora igenzura ryuzuye mu ruganda ni ngombwa kubaguzi b'ibikinisho by'imbwa bashyira imbere umutekano, ubuziranenge, no kubahiriza. Ubugenzuzi bufasha kumenya ingaruka zishobora kubaho, kwemeza ibipimo by’umusaruro, no kugenzura ko inganda zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Urutonde rukora nk'ubuyobozi bukomeye, butuma abaguzi basuzuma buri kintu cyose cyuruganda. Iyi nzira ntabwo irinda umutekano wibicuruzwa gusa ahubwo inashimangira ikizere hagati yabaguzi nabatanga isoko. Mugenzura uruganda kubaguzi b ibikinisho byimbwa, ubucuruzi burashobora kugumana ubuziranenge bwiza mugihe hagabanijwe ingaruka zikorwa.

Ibyingenzi

• Reba inganda witonzekwemeza ko ibikinisho bifite umutekano kandi byiza.
• Shakishaibyemezo byumutekanonka ASTM na EN71 kwizera ibikinisho.
• Emeza ibyemezo nukuri kugenzura ibirango no gusaba ibimenyetso.
• Komeza inganda zisukuye kandi zifite isuku kugirango zirinde umutekano kandi zikore neza.
• Ongera usuzume igenzura ryiza usoma inyandiko hanyuma urebe uko bikorwa.
• Reba ibikoresho kugirango umenye neza ko bifite umutekano kandi bikomeye kubitungwa.
• Koresha igenzura ryiza mugihe cyo gukora kugirango ubone ibibazo hakiri kare kandi ukomeze ibikinisho bihamye.
• Reba amahugurwa y'abakozi kugirango umenye amategeko yumutekano nintambwe nziza.

Icyemezo cy'umutekano

Akamaro k'ubuziranenge bw'umutekano

Impamyabumenyi rusange kubikinisho byimbwa (urugero, ASTM, EN71)

Impamyabumenyi z'umutekano zigira uruhare runini mu kwemeza ubuziranenge n'ibikinisho by'imbwa. Impamyabumenyi zisanzwe nka ASTM (Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho) na EN71 (Ibipimo by’umutekano w’ibikinisho by’i Burayi) byashyizeho ibipimo byerekana umutekano w’ibikinisho. Ibipimo byibanda kubintu nko kuramba kwibintu, urwego rwuburozi, numutekano wubukanishi. Kurugero, ibipimo bya ASTM byemeza ko ibikinisho bitarangwamo impande zikarishye nibice bito bishobora guteza akaga. Ku rundi ruhande, EN71, ishimangira umutekano w’imiti mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibintu byangiza nka gurş na phthalates.

Abaguzi b'ibikinisho by'imbwa bagomba gushyira imbereibicuruzwa byemewekwemeza umutekano mugihe cyo gukina. Ibikinisho byubahiriza aya mahame bikunze kugaragaramo chew idashobora guhekenya hamwe nibikoresho bidafite uburozi, bigabanya ibyago byo kumeneka no kuribwa. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane kurichewers, nkibikinisho bikozwe nabi birashobora gukurura kuniga cyangwa ibindi bibazo byubuzima. Muguhitamo ibikinisho byemewe, abaguzi barashobora kwemeza neza amatungo yabo mugihe banarinze amazu yabo kwangirika.

Nigute wagenzura ibyemezo byukuri

Kugenzura niba ibyemezo byumutekano ari ngombwa kubaguzi b'ibikinisho by'imbwa. Tangira usuzuma ikirango cyibicuruzwa cyangwa bipfunyika kubimenyetso byemeza nka "ASTM F963 ″ cyangwa" EN71. " Ibi bimenyetso byerekana kubahiriza amahame yumutekano Abaguzi barashobora kandi gusaba ibyakozwe nuwabikoze cyangwa uwabitanze kugirango yemeze agaciro kayo.

Ubundi buryo bwiza burimo kugenzura uruganda kubaguzi b'ibikinisho by'imbwa. Mugihe cyubugenzuzi, abaguzi bagomba kubaza uburyo bwo gupima uruganda bagasaba kubona raporo y'ibizamini. Inganda zishyira imbere umutekano akenshi zibika inyandiko zirambuye zubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga. Uru rwego rwo gukorera mu mucyo ntirugenzura gusa ibyemezo byukuri ahubwo binubaka ikizere hagati yabaguzi nabatanga isoko.

Ugomba-Gusura Urubuga: ASTM Mpuzamahanga (www.astm.org)

Incamake yumutungo wurubuga

ASTM International ikora nkisoko yambere yubuziranenge bwumutekano mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo ibikinisho byimbwa. Urubuga rutanga uburyo bwo kubona isomero ryuzuye ryibipimo, inyandiko za tekiniki, hamwe nubuyobozi bwo kugerageza. Abaguzi barashobora gushakisha ibipimo byihariye nka ASTM F963, byerekana ibisabwa byumutekano kubikinisho. Byongeye kandi, urubuga rutanga ibikoresho byuburezi, imbuga za interineti, na gahunda zamahugurwa kugirango bifashe abakoresha gusobanukirwa no gushyira mubikorwa aya mahame neza.

ASTM International nayo igaragaramo ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibyemezo byukuri. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa ababikora babinyujije mububiko bwurubuga. Ibi byemeza ko abaguzi bakura ibikinisho kubatanga bazwi bubahiriza amabwiriza yumutekano.

Nigute wakoresha urubuga rwo kugenzura uruganda

Abaguzi b'ibikinisho by'imbwa barashobora gukoresha ASTM International mugihe cyo kugenzura uruganda kugirango barebe niba hubahirizwa ibipimo byumutekano. Mbere yo gusura uruganda, abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ASTM kurubuga kugirango bamenyere ibisabwa byingenzi. Mugihe cyubugenzuzi, barashobora kwifashisha ibipimo ngenderwaho kugirango basuzume umusaruro wuruganda nibikoresho.

Ibikoresho byurubuga bifasha kandi abaguzi kumenya ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Kurugero, amabwiriza ya ASTM yerekana ingaruka zisanzwe nkimpande zikarishye cyangwa ibikoresho byuburozi. Mugereranije aya mabwiriza nibikorwa byuruganda, abaguzi barashobora kwerekana ahantu hagomba kunozwa. Ubu buryo bwibikorwa byemeza ko uruganda rwujuje ibyifuzo byumutekano, amaherezo biganisha ku bicuruzwa byiza.

Ibidukikije

Isuku n'imitunganyirize

Ibipimo byingenzi byuruganda rutunganijwe neza

Uruganda rutunganijwe neza rugaragaza ubushake bwarwo mu bwiza n’umutekano. Isuku nu muteguro nibimenyetso byingenzi byerekana imikorere yinganda. Abaguzi bagomba kureba niba uruganda rukora amagorofa asukuye, aho bakorera, hamwe n’ububiko. Sisitemu yo guta imyanda neza kandi igaragara neza inzira kubakozi nibikoresho byongera umutekano no gukora neza. Kubika neza ibikoresho bibisi nibicuruzwa byarangiye birinda kwanduza kandi bigatanga umusaruro mwiza.

Ikindi kimenyetso cyingenzi nukubaho gahunda yo kubungabunga no gusukura protocole. Inganda zishyira imbere isuku akenshi zigaragaza iyi gahunda cyane. Ibi birerekana ubwitange bwabo mukubungabunga ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibikoresho birinda abakozi, nk'uturindantoki na masike, byerekana kubahiriza amahame y'umutekano. Iyi myitozo yemeza ko ibidukikije bikomeza kuba umutekano kubakozi ndetse nibicuruzwa bikorerwa.

Ibibazo byo kubaza mugihe cyo kuzenguruka uruganda

Mugihe cyo kuzenguruka uruganda, abaguzi bagomba kubaza ibibazo bigamije gusuzuma isuku nimitunganyirize. Ibibazo nka, "Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora isuku bukorerwa ahakorerwa umusaruro?" cyangwa “Ni kangahe igenzura ryo kubungabunga rikorwa?” tanga ubushishozi mubikorwa byuruganda. Abaguzi barashobora kandi kubaza kubijyanye no kubika ibikoresho fatizo nibicuruzwa byarangiye. Kurugero, “Nigute ushobora kwemeza ko ibikoresho fatizo bikomeza kutanduzwa mugihe cyo kubika?” yerekana uburyo uruganda rugenzura ubuziranenge.

Nibyiza kandi kubaza kubyerekeye amahugurwa y'abakozi ajyanye n'isuku n'umutekano. Ibibazo nka, “Ni ayahe mahugurwa abakozi bahabwa ku bijyanye no kubahiriza isuku?” garagaza uruganda rwiyemeje guteza imbere ibidukikije bisukuye kandi byateguwe. Iperereza rifasha abaguzi gusuzuma nibauruganda kubaguzi b'ibikinisho by'imbwayujuje ibipimo nkenerwa byo gukora ibicuruzwa bifite umutekano kandi byiza.

Ugomba gusura Urubuga: Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge (www.iso.org)

Ibikoresho byo gusuzuma ibidukikije

Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge (ISO) utanga ibikoresho byingenzi byo gusuzuma ibidukikije. Urubuga rwabo rutanga uburyo bwo kugera kuri ISO 9001, yibanda kuri sisitemu yo gucunga neza. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga isuku, gutunganya, no gukora neza muri rusange. Abaguzi barashobora gukuramo umurongo ngenderwaho na lisiti yo gukoresha mugihe cyo kugenzura uruganda.

ISO itanga kandi ibikoresho byamahugurwa na gahunda yo gutanga ibyemezo. Ibikoresho bifasha abaguzi kumva uburyo bwo gusuzuma uruganda rwujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Mugukoresha ibyo bikoresho, abaguzi barashobora kwemeza ko uruganda rukora neza kandi rufite gahunda, rwujuje ibipimo byiza.

Inyigo cyangwa ingero zitangwa nurubuga

Urubuga rwa ISO rugaragaza ubushakashatsi bwerekana ishyirwa mubikorwa ryibipimo ngenderwaho. Kurugero, ubushakashatsi bumwe bushobora kwerekana uburyo uruganda rwateje imbere umusaruro wabwo hifashishijwe amabwiriza ya ISO 9001. Izi ngero zitanga ubumenyi bufatika ku nyungu zo kubungabunga isuku no gutunganya. Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha izi nyigisho nkibipimo mugihe cyo kugenzura.

Byongeye kandi, urubuga rwerekana ingero zinganda zagezwehoIcyemezo cya ISO. Izi ngero zerekana iterambere rigaragara mubikorwa no mubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa biva mugukurikiza ibipimo bya ISO. Mu kwiga izi manza, abaguzi barashobora kumva neza akamaro k’ibidukikije bibungabunzwe neza.

Sisitemu yo gucunga neza

Gusuzuma uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge

ISO 9001 nibindi bipimo bifatika

ISO 9001ni igipimo cyemewe kwisi yose kuri sisitemu yo gucunga neza. Itanga urwego rwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa no gukora neza. Ku bakora ibikinisho byimbwa, kubahiriza ISO 9001 byerekana ubushake bwo kuzuza ibyifuzo byabakiriya nibisabwa n'amategeko. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byibanda ku kunoza imikorere, gucunga ibyago, no gukomeza gutera imbere, ibyo byose ni ingenzi mu gukomeza umusaruro mwiza.

Ibindi bipimo bifatika, nka ISO 14001 yo gucunga ibidukikije na ISO 45001 kubuzima n’umutekano ku kazi, byuzuza ISO 9001. Hamwe na hamwe, aya mahame ashyiraho uburyo bwuzuye kurikugenzura ubuziranenge. Inganda zishyira mubikorwa sisitemu zirashobora gucunga neza umutungo, kugabanya imyanda, no kurinda umutekano w'abakozi. Abaguzi bagenzura uruganda kubaguzi b ibikinisho byimbwa bagomba gushyira imbere ibikoresho bikurikiza aya mahame, kuko byerekana ubushake bukomeye bwo kubahiriza no kubahiriza.

Nigute wasuzuma inyandiko no kuyishyira mubikorwa

Gusuzuma inyandiko no kuyishyira mu bikorwa ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gusuzuma uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Abaguzi bagomba gutangira basuzuma imfashanyigisho z’uruganda, uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora (SOP), hamwe n’inyandiko zagenzuwe imbere. Izi nyandiko zitanga ubushishozi bwukuntu uruganda ruyobora imikorere yarwo kandi rukubahiriza ibipimo bya ISO. Kurugero, inyandiko zirambuye zo gupima ibikoresho fatizo zirashobora kwemeza ko uruganda rushyira imbere umutekano nubuziranenge kuva mugitangira.

Mugihe cyubugenzuzi, abaguzi bagomba kureba uburyo izi nzira zanditswe zishyirwa mubikorwa. Ibipimo byingenzi byerekana ishyirwa mubikorwa birimoigeragezwa rikomeye ryibikoresho fatizo, kugenzura imikorere yumusaruro, no kugenzura neza nyuma yumusaruro. Abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bafite uruhare runini muriki gikorwa bagaragaza inenge, nkimpande zikarishye cyangwa ingero zidakomeye, zishobora guhungabanya umutekano wibicuruzwa. Gukomeza gukurikirana no gutanga ibitekerezo byongera ubushobozi bwuruganda rwo gukomeza ibipimo bihanitse.

Ugomba-Gusura Urubuga: Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ubuziranenge (www.asq.org)

Amabwiriza yo kugenzura sisitemu nziza

Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ubuziranenge (ASQ) itanga ibikoresho byinshi byo kugenzura sisitemu nziza. Urubuga rwabo rugaragaza ubuyobozi bwuzuye bugaragaza imikorere myiza yo gusuzuma inganda. Aya mabwiriza akubiyemo ingingo nkubugenzuzi bwibikorwa, isuzuma ryabatanga, hamwe no gucunga ibyago. Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha ubwo buryo kugirango batezimbere uburyo bwubugenzuzi bwuruganda, barebe ko nta kintu gikomeye cyirengagijwe.

ASQ itanga kandi gahunda yo guhugura hamwe nimpamyabumenyi kubanyamwuga bafite ireme. Izi porogaramu zifasha abaguzi kumva amahame yo gucunga neza nuburyo bwo kuyashyira mubikorwa mugihe cyigenzura. Mugukoresha ubuhanga bwa ASQ, abaguzi barashobora gusuzuma neza niba inzira yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwuruganda ihuye nibipimo byinganda.

Inyandikorugero zo gusuzuma uruganda

Urubuga rwa ASQ rurimo inyandikorugero zitandukanye zagenewe koroshya gahunda yo gusuzuma uruganda. Inyandikorugero zikubiyemo ibice byingenzi nkibikorwa byinyandiko, amahugurwa y'abakozi, hamwe no gupima ibicuruzwa. Abaguzi barashobora guhitamo inyandikorugero kugirango bahuze ibyo bakeneye, byoroshye gukusanya no gutunganya ibyavuye mu igenzura.

Kurugero, inyandikorugero yo gusuzuma inzira yumusaruro irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibice byo kugenzura ibizamini fatizo, kugenzura imirongo yumusaruro, no gusuzuma igenzura nyuma yumusaruro. Gukoresha ibikoresho nkibi byerekana uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura, gufasha abaguzi kumenya imbaraga niterambere ryiterambere. Uru rwego rurambuye ni ngombwa mu kwemeza ko uruganda rwabaguzi b ibikinisho byimbwa rwujuje ubuziranenge bwo hejuru.

Kugenzura Ibikoresho

Akamaro k'umutekano wibikoresho

Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikinisho byimbwa

Ibikinisho by'imbwa birasabaibikoresho biramba kandi bifite umutekanokwemeza inyamanswa kumererwa neza mugihe cyo gukina. Abahinguzi bakunze gukoresha reberi karemano, ballistic nylon, na hemp kubera imiterere yihariye. Rubber naturel itanga uburebure budasanzwe kandi irwanya gucikamo ibice, bigatuma biba byiza guhekenya. Ballistic nylon izwiho imbaraga nubushobozi bwo guhangana nimikino ikaze. Hemp itanga imiti idafite imiti, itanga umutekano kubitungwa byumva ibikoresho byubukorikori.

Kubura amabwiriza ku bikinisho by'amatungo byerekana akamaro ko guhitamo ibikoresho bidafite uburozi. Ibikoresho bidafite umutekano birashobora gukurura ingaruka zubuzima, harimo no kuniga cyangwa guhura n’imiti. Abaguzi bagomba gushyira imbere inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge kugirango zitange ibikinisho byujuje ibyifuzo byumutekano. Ubu buryo butuma inyamanswa zishimira igihe cyo gukina kandi zikurura igihe cyo kugabanya impanuka.

Nigute ushobora kugenzura ibikoresho byuburozi cyangwa bidafite umutekano

Abaguzi barashobora gusuzuma umutekano wibikoresho bagenzura ibikoresho fatizo mugihe cyo kugenzura uruganda. Kureba uburyo bwo kubika no gusaba ibintu bifatika nuburyo bwiza bwo kumenya ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Inganda zigomba gutanga inyandiko zirambuye, zirimo impapuro zumutekano wibikoresho (MSDS), kugirango hamenyekane ko nta miti yangiza. Abaguzi bagomba kandi kubaza ibijyanye no gupima protocole y'ibikoresho, nko kugenzura amasasu, phalite, cyangwa ibindi bintu bifite uburozi.

Ubugenzuzi bugaragara burashobora kwerekana ibimenyetso byubuziranenge bwibintu. Kurugero, reberi yamenetse cyangwa ifite ibara rishobora kwerekana umwanda cyangwa umusaruro muke. Abaguzi bagomba kandi gusuzuma niba uruganda rukoresha ibikoresho biramba kugirango birinde ibikinisho gutandukana mugihe cyo gukina. Inganda zishyira imbere umutekano wibikoresho akenshi zishyira mubikorwa bikomeye byo kugerageza kugirango hubahirizwe ibipimo byinganda.

Inama: Mugihe cyubugenzuzi, abaguzi bagomba kubaza ibibazo nkibi, "Ni izihe ngamba zihari kugirango umutekano wibintu?" cyangwa “Nigute ushobora gupima ibintu bifite uburozi mubikoresho fatizo?” Iperereza rifasha kumenya inganda ziyemeje gukora ibikinisho byimbwa bifite umutekano.

Ugomba-gusura Urubuga: Impapuro zumutekano wibikoresho (www.msdsonline.com)

Ibikoresho byo kumenya ibikoresho bifite umutekano

Urupapuro rwumutekano wibikoresho (MSDS) rutanga ibikoresho byingenzi byo kugenzura umutekano wibikoresho. Abaguzi barashobora kubona amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye imiti, urwego rwuburozi, hamwe nuburyo bwo kwirinda ibikoresho bitandukanye. Urubuga rutanga ububiko bwubushakashatsi butuma abakoresha bamenya amahitamo meza yo gukora ibikinisho byimbwa. Mugusubiramo inyandiko za MSDS, abaguzi barashobora kwemeza ko inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bidafite uburozi kandi biramba.

Ihuriro kandi rigaragaza umurongo ngenderwaho wo gusobanura amakuru yumutekano. Ibikoresho bifasha abaguzi kumva ingaruka zimiti yihariye ningaruka zishobora kubaho. Inganda zikoresha inyandiko za MSDS zerekana gukorera mu mucyo no kwiyemeza gukora ibicuruzwa byiza.

Nigute wakoresha urubuga kugirango ugenzure ibintu

Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha MSDS kumurongo mugihe cyo kugenzura uruganda kugirango barebe umutekano wibikoresho. Mbere yo gusura uruganda, abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma umutungo wurubuga kugirango bamenyere ibintu bisanzwe byuburozi nubundi buryo bwiza. Mugihe cyubugenzuzi, barashobora gusaba MSDS ibyangombwa byibanze bikoreshwa mubikorwa. Kugereranya aya makuru nubuyobozi bwurubuga byemeza ko uruganda rwubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano.

Urubuga rufasha kandi abaguzi kumenya inganda zishyira imbere umutekano wibikoresho. Inganda zibika inyandiko za MSDS zigezweho kandi zigakurikiza imikorere isabwa yerekana uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Ukoresheje MSDS Online, abaguzi barashobora gusuzuma neza niba uruganda rwabaguzi b ibikinisho byimbwa rwujuje ibyifuzo byumutekano.

• Rubber Kamere: Biraramba kandi ntibigabanuka, nibyiza byo guhekenya.
• Ballistic Nylon: Azwiho imbaraga n'umutekano.
• Hemp: Umutekano kandi udafite imiti yangiza.

Muri-Igenzura ry'ubuziranenge

Gukurikirana inzira yumusaruro

Kugenzura ibyingenzi mugihe cyo gukora

Kugenzura neza uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura neza ko ibikinisho byimbwa byujuje ubuziranenge nigihe kirekire mubikorwa byose. Kugenzura ibyingenzi mugihe cyo gukora birimogukurikirana ubuziranenge bwibikoresho fatizo, kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiye, no kugenzura inzira yanyuma yo guterana. Inganda zigomba gushyira mubikorwaKugenzura ibara ryerekana amabaragukomeza guhuzagurika mu mabara y'ibikinisho, kugabanya imyanda iterwa no gutandukana. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo gutumanaho amakuru yamabara arashobora koroshya umusaruro ukorwa nibisabwa byinshi byamabara, byongera imikorere.

Kugenzura buri gihe imashini nibikoresho nabyo birakomeye. Ibikoresho bigomba kuguma bisukuye, bikora, kandi bitarimo inenge zishobora guhungabanya ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Inganda zigomba gushyiraho protocole isobanutse kugirango ikemure ibice byanze kugirango ibuze inenge kwinjira murwego rwo gutanga. Mugukemura kuri bariyeri, abayikora barashobora kugumana ubuziranenge bwo hejuru no kugabanya ubukererwe bwumusaruro.

Nigute ushobora kumenya ibibazo bishobora kuvuka hakiri kare

Kumenya ibibazo bishobora gutangira hakiri kare umusaruro birinda gukora cyane kandi bikarinda umutekano wibicuruzwa. Inganda zigomba gukurikirana imikorere ya gahunda muri rusange mugihe kugirango tumenye imiterere mubibazo byiza. Uku kugaragara kwemerera ababikora gushyira mubikorwa iterambere ryagabanijwe, bikagabanya amahirwe yo kugaruka kenshi.

Kugenzura ubuziranenge kenshi bigira uruhare runini mugutahura ibibazo hakiri kare. Kurugero, kugerageza ibikoresho fatizo kubintu byuburozi cyangwa kugenzura igihe kirekire birashobora kwerekana ibibazo mbere yuko ibikinisho bigera ku isoko. Inganda zigomba kandi gukurikirana umusaruro no kugenzura ibikorwa, harimo gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo no kugenzura ibintu. Izi ngamba zifasha kwemeza ko buri cyiciro cyinganda gihuza umutekano nubuziranenge.

Inama: Abaguzi bagenzura uruganda kubaguzi b ibikinisho byimbwa bagomba kubaza uburyo uruganda rukora ubugenzuzi. Ibibazo nka "Nigute ukurikirana ibara rihoraho mugihe cyo gukora?" cyangwa “Ni izihe ntambwe utera kugira ngo ukemure inenge mu gihe nyacyo?” irashobora gutanga ubushishozi.

Ugomba-Gusura Urubuga: Igikorwa cyo Kugenzura Ibikorwa (www.iqs.com)

Imiyoboro yo kugenzura

Igenzura ryibikorwa byubugenzuzi bitanga ibikoresho byuzuye byo gukora igenzura. Itanga umurongo ngenderwaho wo gusuzuma sisitemu y'uruganda, harimo ishyirahamwe, ibikoresho, hamwe no kugenzura umusaruro. Kurugero, umurongo ngenderwaho ushimangira akamaro ko kureba niba abakozi bafite amahugurwa akwiye hamwe nisuku. Irerekana kandi ko hakenewe ibikoresho bitagira ingaruka mbi ku bwiza bwibicuruzwa kandi byoroshye kubisukura.

Aka gatabo karimo urutonde rwo gusuzuma ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho-bitunganijwe, hamwe n’ibice byanze. Ibikoresho bifasha abaguzi gusuzuma neza niba uruganda rwubahiriza imikorere myiza. Mugukurikiza aya mabwiriza, abaguzi barashobora kumenya aho batezimbere kandi bakemeza ko uruganda rugumana ibipimo bihanitse mubikorwa byose.

Ingero zo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwiza

Igenzura ryubugenzuzi bukora kandi burimo ingero zubugenzuzi bwiza. Kurugero, irerekana uburyo inganda zikoresha ibara rya spekitifotometometrike kugirango igumane amabara yibikinisho. Iyi myitozo igabanya imyanda kandi ikemeza ko ibicuruzwa byarangiye byujuje ibyifuzo byiza. Urundi rugero rurimo gushyira mubikorwa igenzura rikomeye kugirango ukurikirane ibice byanze kandi wirinde ibintu bifite inenge kugera kubaguzi.

Aka gatabo kagaragaza akamaro ko kubungabunga ibidukikije bisukuye kandi byateguwe. Inganda zikurikiza iyi myitozo akenshi zigera kumikorere myiza kandi zitanga ibicuruzwa byizewe, byizewe. Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha izo ngero nkibipimo ngenderwaho mugihe cyubugenzuzi kugirango basuzume uruganda rwiyemeje ubuziranenge.

Kugenzura Ibicuruzwa Byarangiye

Kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa

Inenge zisanzwe mubikinisho byimbwa

Kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiyegira uruhare runini mukumenya inenge zisanzwe mubikinisho byimbwa mbere yuko bigera kubaguzi. Izi nenge akenshi zirimo intege nke, impande zikarishye, hamwe namabara adahuye. Intege nke zirashobora gutuma ibikinisho bitandukana mugihe cyo gukina, bigatera ingaruka zo kuniga. Impande zikarishye, akenshi ziterwa nuburyo bubi bwo kubumba, zirashobora gukomeretsa amatungo. Ibara ridahuye, nubwo ridatera akaga, rishobora kwerekana ibibazo byo kugenzura ubuziranenge mugihe cyo gukora. Inganda zigomba gukemura izo nenge kugirango umutekano wuzuzwe naba nyiri amatungo.

Abagenzuzi kandi bagaragaza kenshi ibibazo nko gukwirakwiza ibintu bidakwiye mubikinisho bya plush cyangwa uburemere buke mubikinisho bya chew. Izi nenge zirashobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere yikinisho no kuramba. Inganda zishyira imbere ubugenzuzi bunoze zirashobora kugabanya ibyo bibazo, zemeza ko ibicuruzwa byazo byujuje ubuziranenge nubuziranenge.

Uburyo bwo gukora igenzura ryuzuye

Gukora igenzura ryuzuye bikubiyemo uburyo bunoze bwo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Abagenzuzi bagomba gutangira basuzumye mu buryo bugaragara buri gikinisho gifite inenge z'umubiri, nk'imitsi, amarira, cyangwa ibara. Bagomba kandi kugerageza igihe igikinisho kiramba bakoresheje igitutu kumurongo. Ku bikinisho bya chew, abagenzuzi barashobora gusuzuma ibikoresho birwanya kwambara no kurigana bigana ibikorwa byo guhekenya.

Abagenzuzi bagomba kugenzura ko ibikinisho byujuje ibyashizweho. Ibi birimo kugenzura ibipimo, uburemere, nibintu bigize. Gukoresha ibikoresho nka kaliperi n'umunzani byemeza neza. Byongeye kandi, abagenzuzi bagomba gusuzuma raporo yo kugenzura mbere yo koherezwa, igaragaza ibyavuye mu igenzura ryakozwe mbere. Izi raporo zitanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubibazo bishobora kubahirizwa kandi bigafasha kumenya inenge zigaruka.

Inama: Inganda zishyira mubikorwa ubugenzuzi burigihe mubikorwa byumusaruro akenshi zigira igipimo gito cyibicuruzwa mubicuruzwa byarangiye. Ubu buryo bukora butuma ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge byonyine bigera ku isoko.

Ugomba-Gusura Urubuga: Intertek (www.intertek.com)

Kugenzura urutonde rwo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa

Intertek itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Uru rutonde rukubiyemo ibintu bikomeye nkumutekano wibintu, ubusugire bwimiterere, no kubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano. Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha ubwo buryo kugirango barebe ko inganda zubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho. Kurugero, urutonde rurimo intambwe zo kugenzura ikidodo, kugerageza impande zikarishye, no kugenzura ibara rihuye. Mugukurikiza aya mabwiriza, abaguzi barashobora gusuzuma muburyo bwizaibikinisho by'imbwa.

Intertek itanga kandi urutonde rwihariye rwibicuruzwa byihariye. Kurugero, ibikinisho bya plush birashobora gusaba igenzura ryinyongera kubintu byuzuye, mugihe ibikinisho bya chew bishobora gukenera ibizamini biramba. Ibi bikoresho byihariye bifasha abaguzi gukemura ibibazo byihariye byo kugenzura ubwoko butandukanye bwibikinisho byimbwa.

Ibikoresho byo kwerekana ibisubizo byubugenzuzi

Urubuga rwa Intertek rugaragaza ibikoresho byerekana ibisubizo byubugenzuzi, byorohereza abaguzi gukurikirana no gusesengura amakuru. Ibi bikoresho birimo inyandikorugero zo kwandika inenge, ibibazo byubahirizwa, nibikorwa byo gukosora. Abaguzi barashobora guhitamo inyandikorugero kugirango bahuze ibyo bakeneye, bakemeza uburyo buhoraho bwo kugenzura.

Imiyoboro ya sisitemu yatanzwe na Intertek yemerera abaguzi kubika no gutunganya amakuru yubugenzuzi. Izi porogaramu zifasha abakoresha gukora raporo zirambuye, zishobora gusangirwa nabatanga isoko kugirango bakemure ibibazo byubuziranenge. Inganda zikoresha ibyo bikoresho zerekana ubushake bwo gukorera mu mucyo no gukomeza gutera imbere. Mugukoresha umutungo wa Intertek, abaguzi barashobora kwemeza ko uruganda rwabaguzi ibikinisho byimbwa ruhora rutanga ibicuruzwa byiza.

Kwipimisha Laboratoire

Kugenzura Umutekano wibicuruzwa

Ubwoko bwibizamini bya laboratoire kubikinisho byimbwa

Kwipimisha muri laboratoire bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano n’ubuziranenge bwaibikinisho by'imbwa. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibizamini busuzuma ibintu bitandukanye byumutekano wibikinisho. Kwipimisha imiti byerekana ibintu byangiza nka gurş, phthalates, na BPA, bishobora guteza ubuzima bwamatungo. Igeragezwa rya mashini risuzuma igihe ibikinisho biramba, byemeza ko bishobora kwihanganira guhekenya no gukina bitarinze gucamo ibice. Ikizamini cyo gutwika cyerekana niba ibikinisho byujuje ubuziranenge bwumutekano mukurwanya umuriro, cyane cyane kubicuruzwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa bishingiye kumyenda.

Kwipimisha Microbiologiya nubundi buryo bwingenzi. Igenzura kwanduza bagiteri, ishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gukora cyangwa kubika. Inganda zishyira imbere umutekano akenshi zikora ibizamini kugirango ibicuruzwa byazo bitarangwamo virusi. Abaguzi bagomba kwemeza ko uruganda rugura ibikinisho byimbwa rukora ibizamini buri gihe kugirango rugumane umutekano muke.

Nigute ushobora gusobanura ibisubizo bya laboratoire

Gusobanura ibisubizo bya laboratoire bisaba gusobanukirwa neza ibipimo byumutekano. Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma raporo y'ibizamini kugirango bemeze ko ibikoresho byose byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga, nka ASTM F963 cyangwa EN71. Ibisubizo mubisanzwe birimo amakuru kumiterere yimiti, imbaraga za mashini, nibindi bipimo bikomeye. Kurugero, raporo irashobora kwerekana ko igikinisho kitarimo urwego rushobora kugaragara rwisasu cyangwa phalite, byemeza ko bifite umutekano kubitungwa.

Abaguzi nabo bagomba kwitondera ibisubizo byose byashyizwe ahagaragara. Ibi byerekana aho ibicuruzwa bidashobora kuba byujuje ibyangombwa byumutekano. Inganda zikemura ibibazo byerekanwe byihuse byerekana ubwitange kubuziranenge. Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha aya makuru kugirango barebe niba uruganda rushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa byo gukosora neza.

Ugomba-Gusura Urubuga: SGS (www.sgs.com)

Incamake ya serivisi zipimisha zitangwa

SGS ni umuyobozi wisi yose mugupima, kugenzura, no gutanga serivise. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru arambuye kubisubizo byo kugerageza bikomoka ku matungo, harimo ibikinisho by'imbwa. SGS itanga ibizamini bya shimi, imashini, na mikorobe kugirango hubahirizwe ibipimo byumutekano. Serivise zabo zirimo no gusuzuma ibyago no kwemeza ibicuruzwa, bifasha ababikora kuzuza ibisabwa n'amategeko.

Urubuga rugaragaza ibikoresho nkimpapuro zera, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, hamwe na webinari. Ibi bikoresho bifasha abaguzi kumva akamaro ko gupima laboratoire nuburyo bigira uruhare mumutekano wibicuruzwa. Ubuhanga bwa SGS butuma umutungo utagereranywa kubaguzi bashaka serivisi zipimishije zizewe.

Nigute ushobora gufatanya na laboratoire yo kugenzura

Gufatanya na laboratoire nka SGS byongera inzira yo kugenzura uruganda. Abaguzi barashobora gutangira kuvugana na SGS kugirango baganire kubyo bakeneye byo kwipimisha. Laboratwari irashobora gutanga ubuyobozi muguhitamo ibizamini bikwiye bishingiye kubikoresho no gushushanya ibikinisho. SGS itanga kandi serivisi zo gupima kurubuga, zemerera abaguzi kwinjiza ibizamini bya laboratoire mubugenzuzi bwabo.

Mugihe cyubugenzuzi, abaguzi bagomba gusaba ibyangombwa byibisubizo byabanjirije uruganda. SGS irashobora kugenzura ibisubizo no gukora ibizamini byinyongera nibikenewe. Ubu bufatanye butuma uruganda rwubahiriza amahame y’umutekano kandi rukabyara ibicuruzwa byiza. Mugukorana na SGS, abaguzi barashobora kwigirira ikizere mumutekano no kwizerwa kubikinisho bagura.

Amahugurwa y'abakozi

Akamaro k'abakozi bafite ubumenyi

Gahunda yo guhugura abakozi b'uruganda

Abakozi bafite ubuhanga ninkingi yibikorwa byose bigenda neza. Inganda zitanga ibikinisho byimbwa zigomba gushora imari muri byosegahunda zamahugurwakwemeza abakozi gusobanukirwa protocole yumutekano, ubuziranenge, nubuhanga bwo gukora. Gahunda nziza zamahugurwa zirimo kuvanga amabwiriza yo mwishuri, kumahugurwa kumurimo, hamwe na platform yo kwiga. Ubu buryo bujyanye nibyifuzo bitandukanye byo kwiga kandi bifasha abakozi kugumana amakuru akomeye.

Gahunda zamahugurwa zigomba kwibanda kubice nko gutunganya ibikoresho, imikorere yibikoresho, no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Kurugero, abakozi barashobora kungukirwa namasomo abigisha uburyo bwo kumenya ibikoresho bifite inenge cyangwa guteranya ibikinisho neza. Inganda zishyira imbere iterambere ryabakozi akenshi zibona iterambere ryumusaruro, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, no kunyurwa kwabakozi.

Nigute wasuzuma ubushobozi bwabakozi

Gusuzuma ubushobozi bwabakozi bikubiyemo gusuzuma ubumenyi, ubuhanga, nubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo neza. Mugihe cyubugenzuzi bwuruganda, abaguzi bagomba kureba abakozi hasi yumusaruro kugirango bamenye ubumenyi bwabo. Ibipimo byingenzi byubushobozi birimo kubahiriza protocole yumutekano, gukoresha neza ibikoresho, no kwita kubirambuye mugihe cyo guterana.

Abaguzi barashobora kandi gusuzuma inyandiko zamahugurwa kugirango abakozi barangize gahunda zijyanye. Inganda zibika inyandiko zirambuye zerekana ubushake bwo gukomeza gutera imbere. Byongeye kandi, gukora ibiganiro nabakozi birashobora gutanga ubushishozi bwo gusobanukirwa ubuziranenge nibikorwa byumusaruro. Ubu buryo bufasha abaguzi kumenya niba uruganda rwabaguzi b ibikinisho byimbwa rukoresha abakozi babishoboye kandi batojwe neza.

Ugomba-gusura Urubuga: Inganda zamahugurwa (www.trainingindustry.com)

Amabwiriza yo gusuzuma gahunda zamahugurwa

Inganda zamahugurwa zitanga ibikoresho byinshi byo gusuzuma no kunoza gahunda zamahugurwa y'abakozi. Urubuga rwabo rugaragaza umurongo ngenderwaho ugaragaza imikorere myiza yo gutegura ingamba zifatika zamahugurwa. Aya mabwiriza ashimangira akamaro ko guhuza intego zamahugurwa nintego zubuyobozi, kureba niba abakozi bahabwa ubumenyi bukenewe kugirango umusaruro ukorwe.

Urubuga rutanga kandi ibikoresho byo gusuzuma neza amahugurwa. Kurugero, abaguzi barashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gusuzuma kugirango bapime ingaruka zamahugurwa kumikorere yabakozi no kwishora mubikorwa. Inganda zikoresha ayo mikoro zirashobora gukora gahunda zongerera ubushobozi abakozi kandi zikagira uruhare mubikorwa rusange.

Ingero zuburyo bwiza bwo guhugura

Inganda zamahugurwa zigaragaza ingero nyinshi zamahugurwa yatsindiye mubikorwa. Kurugero,92% by'abakozi bemeza ko amahugurwa yateguwe neza atezimbere imikoranire, mugihe 94% yagumana nisosiyete itanga amahirwe yiterambere. Iyi mibare irashimangira akamaro ko gushora imari mu kuzamura abakozi.

Urubuga rugaragaza kandi uburyo butandukanye bwamahugurwa, nko kwigira hamwe no guhugura kumurimo. Kwiga bivanze, bikoreshwa na 27% byubucuruzi buciriritse, bihuza inyigisho zo mwishuri hamwe nibikoresho bya digitale kugirango habeho ibidukikije byoroshye. Amahugurwa ku kazi, akundwa nabakozi 68%, atuma abakozi bunguka uburambe mubikorwa mugihe bakora imirimo yabo. Inganda zikoresha ubu buryo zirashobora guteza imbere abakozi babishoboye kandi babishishikariye.

Inganda zishyira mubikorwa izi ngamba zirashobora kongera abakozi kunyurwa no gutanga umusaruro, amaherezo bikazamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byabo.

Ubushobozi bwo Gushushanya

Guhanga udushya mubishushanyo mbonera byimbwa

Gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gukora uruganda

Ubushobozi bwo gukora uruganda bugira uruhare runini mubwiza no gukurura ibikinisho byimbwa. Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma niba uruganda rufite itsinda ryabigenewe rifite ubuhanga bwo gukoraibicuruzwa bishya kandi bikora. Ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho bigezweho bya software hamwe nibikoresho bya prototyping akenshi byerekana ubushobozi buhanitse bwo guhanga udushya. Ibikoresho bifasha inganda gukora igerageza nuburyo budasanzwe, imiterere, nibiranga bihuza ibyifuzo bitandukanye bya kineine.

Inganda zishyira imbere igishushanyo akenshi zifatanya ninzobere mu myitwarire yinyamanswa gukora ibikinisho bikemura ibikenewe byihariye. Kurugero,ibikinisho bigenewe gukangura ubwenge cyangwa kugabanya amaganyabamenyekanye cyane kubera imbaraga zabo mukuzamura imibereho yimbwa. Abaguzi bagomba kandi gusuzuma ubushobozi bwuruganda rwo kwinjiza ibitekerezo byabaguzi mubishushanyo byabo. Ubu buryo buteganya ko ibicuruzwa byanyuma byujuje ibyifuzo byisoko kandi bikongerera abakiriya kunyurwa.

Akamaro ka prototyping no kugerageza

Kwandika no kugerageza ni intambwe zingenzi mubikorwa byo gushushanya. Prototypes yemerera inganda gusuzuma imikorere, kuramba, numutekano wibishushanyo byazo mbere yumusaruro rusange. Abaguzi bagomba kwemeza ko uruganda rukora ibizamini bikomeye kugirango bamenye inenge. Kurugero, kugerageza ibikinisho byo kurwanya chew hamwe numutekano wibikoresho byemeza ko bishobora kwihanganira gukina bikabije bitagize ingaruka kubitungwa.

Inganda zikora udushya zikoresha prototypes kugirango zishakishe ibintu bishya byongera uruhare. Kwinjizamo amajwi akangura cyangwa imiterere yihariye irashobora gutuma ibikinisho bikurura imbwa. Ibicuruzwa byimyitwarire, kurugero, byatangije ibikinisho bitarimo ibintu kugirango bikemure ibibazo biramba, mugihe Fluff & Tuff ikoresha ubudodo bubiri hamwe nigitambara gishimangira kunoza kuramba. Iterambere ryerekana akamaro ko gukora prototyping no kugerageza mugutanga ibicuruzwa byiza.

Ugomba-gusura Urubuga: Inama ishinzwe (www.designcinama.org.uk)

Ibikoresho byo gusuzuma ibishushanyo mbonera

Inama ishinzwe Igishushanyo itanga ibikoresho byingenzi byo gusuzuma no kunoza imikorere. Urubuga rwabo rutanga urwego nubuyobozi bufasha inganda guhuza guhanga no gukora mubicuruzwa byabo. Abaguzi barashobora kubona ibikoresho byo gusuzuma ingamba zishushanyije, harimo nuburyo bwo gushyiramo ibitekerezo byabakoresha nibigenda ku isoko. Ibikoresho bifasha inganda guhuza ibishushanyo byazo hamwe n’ibiteganijwe ku baguzi mu gihe bikomeza ubuziranenge bwo hejuru.

Urubuga rushimangira kandi uruhare rwibikorwa birambye. Inganda zikurikiza ubwo buryo zirashobora kugabanya imyanda no gukora ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije, bikurura abaguzi bangiza ibidukikije. Mugukoresha ibikoresho byinama yubushakashatsi, abaguzi barashobora kwemeza ko ibishushanyo mbonera byuruganda bigira uruhare mubikinisho byimbwa kandi byiteguye isoko.

Ubushakashatsi bwibishushanyo mbonera

Igishushanyo mbonera kirimo ubushakashatsi bwerekana ingaruka zuburyo bushya bwo gutsinda kubicuruzwa. Kurugero,ibikinisho bigenewe gukangura imbwa, nk'abafite amajwi akurura, babonye inyungu ziyongera kubaguzi. Kurandura ibintu bikinishwa byakemuye ibibazo bisanzwe biramba, biganisha kubakiriya benshi. Izi ngero zerekana uburyo igishushanyo mbonera gishobora kuzamura imikorere no gukurura isoko.

Inganda zibanda ku bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru no kubaka nabyo bigera ku ntsinzi igaragara. Gukoresha Fluff & Tuff gukoresha imyenda ishimangiwe hamwe nubudodo bubiri-byashizeho izina ryabo kuramba. Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha ubu bushakashatsi nkibipimo kugirango barebe niba ubushobozi bwo gukora uruganda bujyanye nibikorwa biganisha ku nganda. Mugushira imbere udushya, inganda zirashobora gukora ibikinisho bitanga agaciro kubitungwa na nyirabyo.

Inama: Abaguzi bagomba kubaza ibijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera cyuruganda mugihe cyubugenzuzi. Ibibazo nka "Nigute washyira ibitekerezo byabaguzi mubishushanyo byawe?" cyangwa “Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kwipimisha ukoresha kuri prototypes?” Irashobora gutanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubyo biyemeje guhanga udushya.

Imyitozo yubucuruzi

Imyitwarire myiza kandi ikorera mu mucyo

Akamaro k'imikorere ikwiye

Imikorere myiza yumurimo niyo shingiro ryinganda zikora imyitwarire. Inganda zubahiriza ibyo bikorwa zituma abakozi bahabwa umushahara ukwiye, akazi keza, n'amasaha akwiye. Imyitwarire mbonezamubano kandi ibuza imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana n’imirimo y'agahato, iteza imbere icyubahiro no kubaha abakozi bose. Kuriabaguzi b'imbwa, biva mu nganda zishyira imbere imikorere myiza yumurimo byerekana kwiyemeza inshingano zabaturage.

Inganda zubahiriza amahame akwiye yumurimo akenshi zishimira abakozi no kunyurwa cyane. Abakozi bumva ko bafite agaciro batanga umusanzu mwiza wibicuruzwa no gukora neza. Abaguzi bagomba gushyira imbere inganda zubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga y’umurimo, nkayagaragajwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku murimo (ILO). Ubu buryo ntabwo bushigikira imyitwarire gusa ahubwo binongera izina ryikirango cyabaguzi.

Inama: Abaguzi barashobora kubaza inganda kubijyanye na politiki yumurimo kandi bagasaba ibyangombwa, nkamasezerano yabakozi cyangwa raporo zubugenzuzi, kugirango barebe niba hubahirizwa ibipimo byakazi.

Nigute wasuzuma ibikorwa byuruganda

Gukorera mu mucyo ibikorwa byuruganda byubaka ikizere hagati yabaguzi nabatanga isoko. Inganda ziboneye zisangira amakuru kumugaragaro inzira zazo, isoko, hamwe nakazi keza. Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma niba uruganda rutanga ibyangombwa bisobanutse, nka gahunda yumusaruro, inyandiko ziva mu isoko, na raporo yo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Inganda zibika inyandiko zirambuye zerekana kubazwa no kwiyemeza imyitwarire myiza.

Mugihe cyubugenzuzi, abaguzi bagomba kureba uburyo uruganda ruvugana nabakozi barwo nabafatanyabikorwa. Imiyoboro y'itumanaho ifunguye akenshi yerekana umuco w'ubunyangamugayo n'ubunyangamugayo. Abaguzi barashobora kandi gusuzuma gukorera mu mucyo basuzuma raporo yubugenzuzi bwabandi. Inganda zakira isuzuma ryo hanze hamwe na adresse yatanzwe byihuse byerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukorera mu mucyo.

Icyitonderwa: Inganda ziboneye zishobora kubahiriza umutekano, ubuziranenge, n’imyitwarire, bikagabanya ingaruka kubaguzi.

Ugomba-gusura Urubuga: Gahunda yubucuruzi bwimyitwarire (www.ethicaltrade.org)

Amabwiriza yo gusuzuma imyitwarire

Imyitwarire yubucuruzi (ETI) itanga umurongo ngenderwaho mugusuzuma imyitwarire myiza munganda. Aya masoko agaragaza amahame y'ingenzi, nko kubahiriza uburenganzira bw'abakozi, kubungabunga umutekano mu kazi, no kuzamura umushahara ukwiye. Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha ubuyobozi bwa ETI kugirango batezimbere uburyo bunoze bwo gusuzuma inganda. Ubuyobozi burimo kandi urutonde rwo kumenya imikorere idahwitse, nk'amasaha y'ikirenga cyangwa ibidukikije bidafite umutekano.

ETI ishimangira akamaro k'ubufatanye hagati y'abaguzi n'ababitanga. Amikoro yabo ashishikariza abaguzi gukorana ninganda kugirango bashyire mubikorwa iterambere. Mugukurikiza amabwiriza ya ETI, abaguzi barashobora kwemeza ko amasoko yabo atangwa hamwe namahame mbwirizamuco.

Ibikoresho byo kwemeza kubahiriza

ETI itanga ibikoresho bifasha abaguzi gukurikirana no kubahiriza kubahiriza amahame mbwirizamuco. Ibi bikoresho birimo inyandikorugero yamasezerano yabatanga, urutonde rwubugenzuzi, nimpapuro zitanga ibitekerezo kubakozi. Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha ubwo buryo kugirango bandike imikorere yinganda no gukurikirana iterambere mugihe. ETI itanga kandi ibikoresho byamahugurwa yo kwigisha abatanga ibyangombwa bisabwa.

Urubuga rugaragaza ubushakashatsi bwerekana ishyirwa mubikorwa ryimikorere myiza. Kurugero, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana uburyo uruganda rwateje imbere imikorere ikurikiza ibyifuzo bya ETI. Izi ngero zitanga ubushishozi bufatika kubaguzi bashaka kuzamura gukorera mu mucyo no kurenganura murwego rwabo.

Umuhamagaro: Abaguzi bakoresha ibikoresho nibikoresho bya ETI barashobora guteza imbere ubufatanye bwimyitwarire nabatanga isoko, bigatuma intsinzi yigihe kirekire kandi irambye.

Gukora ubugenzuzi bunoze bwuruganda bituma abaguzi b ibikinisho byimbwa bashyira imbere umutekano, ubuziranenge, no kubahiriza. Ibice 10 by'ingenzi biri kuri uru rutonde - uhereye ku mpamyabumenyi z'umutekano kugeza ku bucuruzi bw'imyitwarire - bitanga uburyo bunoze bwo gusuzuma abatanga isoko. Buri gace gakemura ibintu bikomeye nko gucunga ibyago, amahugurwa, hamwe nubwishingizi bufite ireme, guteza imbere ubufatanye bwizewe.

Abaguzi bagomba gukoresha ubwo buryo kugirango bafate ibyemezo byuzuye kandi bakomeze umubano ukomeye wabatanga.

Ibibazo

Niyihe ntego yo kugenzura uruganda kubaguzi b'ibikinisho by'imbwa?

A ubugenzuzi bwurugandaifasha abaguzi gusuzuma umutekano, ubuziranenge, no kubahiriza. Iremeza ko uruganda rwubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga, rukoresha ibikoresho bitekanye, kandi rugakomeza imyitwarire. Iyi nzira igabanya ingaruka kandi ikubaka ikizere hagati yabaguzi nabatanga isoko.

Nigute abaguzi bashobora kugenzura ibyemezo byumutekano byuruganda?

Abaguzi barashobora kugenzura ibyemezo bagenzura ibirango byibicuruzwa kubimenyetso nka ASTM cyangwa EN71. Bagomba gusaba ibyangombwa kuva muruganda no kubihuza ninzego zemeza ibyemezo. Impamyabumenyi nyayo yemeza kubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano.

Kuki kugenzura ibikoresho ari ngombwa mugihe cyo kugenzura uruganda?

Igenzura ryibikoresho ryemeza ko ibikinisho byimbwa bikozweibikoresho bidafite uburozi, biramba. Ibikoresho bidafite umutekano birashobora kwangiza amatungo cyangwa gutera akaga. Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma urupapuro rwumutekano wibikoresho (MSDS) no kugenzura ibikoresho fatizo mugihe cyigenzura kugirango hemezwe umutekano.

Ni ibihe bibazo abaguzi bagomba kwibaza mugihe cyo kuzenguruka uruganda?

Abaguzi bagomba kubaza ibijyanye no gusukura protocole, amahugurwa y'abakozi, hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Ingero zirimo:

• “Nigute ushobora kwemeza umutekano wibintu?”
• “Ni izihe ntambwe zifatwa mu gukumira inenge?”

  Ibi bibazo byerekana uruganda rwiyemeje ubuziranenge.

Nigute muburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge butezimbere umusaruro?

Mubikorwa-kugenzura ubuziranenge bugaragaza inenge hakiri kare, byemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Inganda zikurikirana ibikoresho fatizo, kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiye, no kugerageza ibicuruzwa byanyuma. Ubu buryo bukora bugabanya imyanda kandi butuma ibikinisho byujuje ubuziranenge bwumutekano.

Ni uruhe ruhare amahugurwa y'abakozi agira mu igenzura ry'uruganda?

Amahugurwa y'abakozi atuma abakozi basobanukirwa protocole yumutekano nubuziranenge. Abakozi babishoboye bazamura umusaruro nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma inyandiko zamahugurwa kandi bakareba abakozi kugirango basuzume ubushobozi mugihe cyubugenzuzi.

Nigute abaguzi bashobora gusuzuma imyitwarire yinganda?

Abaguzi barashobora gusuzuma imyitwarire myiza basuzuma politiki yumurimo, amasezerano y abakozi, na raporo yubugenzuzi bwabandi. Inganda zisobanutse zisangira kumugaragaro amakuru yerekeye umushahara, imiterere yakazi, no kubahiriza ibipimo mpuzamahanga byakazi.

Kuki abaguzi bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho nka ASTM cyangwa ISO mugihe cyo kugenzura?

Ibikoresho nka ASTM na ISO bitanga umurongo ngenderwaho, urutonde, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakozwe mugusuzuma inganda. Ibi bikoresho bifasha abaguzi kwemeza kubahiriza umutekano, ubuziranenge, n’imyitwarire, bigatuma ubugenzuzi bukora neza kandi bwizewe.

Inama: Buri gihe utegure usubiramo ibipimo numutungo bijyanye mbere yo gukora ubugenzuzi bwuruganda.